Artículos MIGUEL ANGEL ARTACHO RAMIREZ - ZOU XIANGYU - JOSE MANUEL ARRUFAT ALVAREZ - VICTOR ANDRES CLOQUELL BALLESTER INDUSTRIAS DE LA INFORMACION Y DEL CONOCIMIENTO This paper introduces ProPheTA (Product Phenetics-based Typology Assessment) as a new morphometric analysis software for industrial, phenetics-based product design (PP). Phenetics is used in Biology to determine similarities between species by comparing their formal external attributes. This way, PP replicates this procedure and, by doing a morphological analysis of different models from the same product family, makes it possible to relate their morphology with the user's emotional, perceptive, hedonic and buying intention response. All this requires working with CAD models, aligning, scaling, selecting them along the X, Y and Z axes, editing images, obtaining dissimilarity indexes, and correlating them with the user's response. Various CAD and morphometric computation tools not explicitly developed for these procedures are used to fulfil these tasks. File compatibility problems and excessive manual work and working time must be circumvented. ProPheTA has been developed in Matlab to solve these problems using a single platform. Its performance in a previous PP study, which related shape to buying intention, has been evaluated to demonstrate its reliability and speed. Results show a ten-time speed improvement in the computation with identical dissimilarity results. In addition, ProPheTA offers several advantages, such as ease of use, robust batch-processing capabilities, multiple output formats and improved compatibility. These functionalities, together with its ability to analyze the outline of 3D shapes without manual selection of landmark points, make it a versatile software application which is flexible, reliable and much faster. Thus, ProPheta is arguably valuable for helping speed up the application of PP in industrial design. Keywords: phenetics, product design, morphology, computer-based assessment http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=10818 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 SIVABALAN ANBUMANI - JOTHILAKSHMI PALANISAMY TECNOLOGÍA ELECTRÓNICA The following article explains how to make a basic ultra-wide bandwidth (UBW) wearable fractal antenna. The antenna is printed on denim fabric with a dielectric constant of 1.7 and a loss tangent of 0.02. The suggested antenna is 45 x 44.92 x 0.5 mm3. The antenna is fed by an inserted microstrip line with a decreased ground structure. It operates at ultrawide band frequencies of 4.36 GHz to 11.12 GHz. The antenna offers an omnidirectional radiation pattern with a gain of more than 2.4 dBi across the entire working band... It achieves a bandwidth of 6767 MHz. The proposed antenna possesses key characteristics such as a simple structure, ease of fabrication, stable omnidirectional radiation pattern, reasonable gain, and directivity, which make it suitable for applications in the C, S, and X bands. Keywords: Textile antenna, UWB, denim fabric, flexible antenna, denim substrate http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=10897 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 JUAN FRANQUELO SOLER - FRANCISCO JAVIER SOTO LARA - ELIDIA BEATRIZ BLÁZQUEZ PARRA - OSCAR DE COZAR MACIAS - MANUEL DAMIAN MARIN GRANADOS TECNOLOGÍA DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN La ventilación natural cruzada es considerada una estrategia efectiva y sostenible frente a pandemias respiratorias en espacios confinados. La entrada de aire en un aula, a través de puertas y ventanas, mejora la calidad del aire interior (Indoor Air Quality - IAQ), disminuye la transmisión de enfermedades respiratorias con una distancia social adecuada (1.5 m), siendo accesible en términos de consumo energético. En este estudio se realiza una comparación entre tipos de ventilación cruzada, a partir de la concentración de CO2, número de personas y superficies de ventilación de ventanas y puertas de un centro universitario en un clima mediterráneo. Se midieron los niveles de CO2 en dos aulas similares y anexas, con diferentes aperturas de ventanas y puertas (0%, 33% y 66%) con 2 secuencias de carga y descarga. Se analizaron dos tipos de ventilación cruzada: ventilación cruzada con ventana y puerta en la misma dirección o directa (CDIR), y ventilación cruzada en diagonal (CDIA), en un período de tiempo de 3 h. en diciembre de 2022. Los resultados muestran una interacción entre los niveles de CO2 y el tipo de ventilación. La ventilación cruzada diagonal fue más efectiva en términos de renovaciones de aire (ACH) que la directa, en rangos de apertura menores (33%), siendo la ventilación cruzada directa más efectiva globalmente y en rangos de apertura mayores (66%), en las condiciones de este estudio de caso. http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=10906 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 ALEJANDRO LOPEZ - JAIME APARICIO - BEATRIZ ACHIAGA MENOR - INGER MARTINEZ DE ARENAZA TECNOLOGÍA METALÚRGICA TECNOLOGÍA DE PRODUCTOS METÁLICOS TECNOLOGÍA INDUSTRIAL This paper performs a study of the Packing Fraction (PF) in different commercial DEM (Discrete Element Method) software. For this purpose, the influence of different geometrical and particle characteristic parameters on the PF by filling a cylindrical container are analyzed. The simulation software used are DigiDEM, DigiPac and StarCCM+. Simulations are performed to compare the simulation time and verification of results; the influence of increasing the particle diameter in the same container, the influence of increasing the particle diameter and the container in proportion, the influence of increasing the h/d ratio in cylindrical particles "pellets" and the influence of decreasing the h/d ratio in cylindrical particles "disks". http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=10929 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 MANUEL DIAZ MADROÑERO - RAUL RODRIGUEZ RODRIGUEZ - JUAN JOSE ALFARO SAIZ - JAROSLAW GORECKI ORGANIZACIÓN Y DIRECCIÓN DE EMPRESAS Product-service systems correspond to a contemporary evolution of the post-industrial market, in which the competitiveness of companies does not focus on the physical characteristics of their products but on the additional services that accompany them. In this sense, it is particularly important that the design and engineering phases of products and services are developed efficiently and in collaboration with the rest of the entities involved in these processes. This paper presents an evaluation of the design and engineering phases of product-service systems by means of a questionnaire designed for a case study corresponding to Spanish industry, made up of 30 companies. For its elaboration, a technological maturity model has been taken as a basis and adapted to include the dimensions of resources, information systems, organisation and culture. The results obtained indicate that, in general, the level of performance of these dimensions is medium or low, making strategies and possible improvement actions necessary. Keywords: product-service systems, maturity levels, design, engineering, collaboration http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=10936 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 KARMELE HERRANZ PASCUAL - LEXURI YURREBASO MACAZAGA - ANDRES SIMON MORAL - ALES PADRO HERNANDEZ - PALOMA ZORRAQUINO SALVO - ANDRES ALONSO LOPEZ INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE Despite the fact that air pollution is one of the main environmental concerns in Europe, causing more than 400,000 premature deaths each year, and affecting certain groups in particular, there are no known specific analyses of the social vulnerability of this pollutant that would allow us to guide policies to improve air quality in the different municipalities. For this reason, a first approximation of an analysis of social vulnerability to air quality has been developed to guide municipal policies in this area. The proposal proposes a zonal analysis of exposure in GIS in which the modelled information on air pollution is cross-referenced with the location of buildings housing the main vulnerable groups. The buildings have been classified according to the type of vulnerable population using them and their degree of vulnerability. The results indicate that this proposal allows a visual and simple identification of the levels of air pollution to which each sensitive building is exposed, facilitating the possible identification of those with levels higher than the current legislation or the recommendations of the WHO. Based on the exposure on the façade of the buildings, the proposal presented allows four levels of severity with respect to air pollution to be established, establishing the first steps of a prioritisation of improvement needs. This first prioritisation can be adjusted according to the type of population housed in each sensitive building and the vulnerability of the groups it houses. The proposed GIS-based social vulnerability analysis is particularly interesting when available resources are scarce, but it must be complemented by detailed analyses of the social vulnerability of the prioritised sensitive buildings before the implementation of improvement actions. Keywords: urban planning, social vulnerability, social vulnerability, air quality, GIS, modelling http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=10943 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 NATALIA ALEGRIA GUTIERREZ - CHARLES PINTO CAMARA - ANGEL LUIS SILVEIRO GARCIA ALZORRIZ - JORGE SILVEIRO - IGOR PEÑALVA BENGOA - MARÍA URRESTIZALA DE ANDRÉS TECNOLOGÍA DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN Transferring water has historically been a very viable way of making water available. However, despite its viability, nowadays it is considered to be synonymous with conflict. Due to the media coverage, the Tagus-Segura water transfer is well known, but on the Iberian Peninsula there are numerous large water diversions. In this paper the most important water transfers will be described and the cost between carrying out a water diversion and the implementation of a desalination plant will be compared by calculating the equivalent annual cost, which is the methodology used to determine the economic burdens of the River Basin Plans, in application of the Water Framework Directive. http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=10951 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 EDUARDO MARTINEZ CAMARA - JORGE LOZANO NAJERA - JUAN CARLOS SAENZ DIEZ - EMILIO JIMENEZ MACIAS - AGOSTINO BRUZZONE - JULIO BLANCO FERNANDEZ TECNOLOGÍA INDUSTRIAL The application of SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Die) gives rise to more than just reduced machinery changeover times. Correct application of SMED also reduces other types of losses which occur in the workplace and which all companies consider highly significant because of the industrial and social context in which they operate. The proposed methodology integrates prior analysis of both machinery and process, analysis and structuring of tasks, the expertise of personnel involved in applying SMED, tools that support SMED, KPI/KAI (Key Performance Indicator/Key Activities Indicator) analysis systems and standardisation. This will enable reductions in other workplace losses, such as occupational accidents and process defects that can lead to poor-quality products, as well as continuous monitoring of the machinery to reduce the number of breakdowns, etc. This article shows that the application of SMED brings discipline, task analysis, and a better understanding of machinery and worker expertise, at the same time helping to improve behaviours - indispensable aspects when seeking improvements. Usage of the performance indicators set out has been the key to demonstrating that if workplace accidents and manufacturing costs are decreased, the quality of the manufactured product is increased. Keywords: SMED; Zero losses; 5 Whys, Breakdown Analysis; Twelve Steps http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=10967 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 ELISABETE ALBERDI CELAYA - IRANTZU ALVAREZ GONZALEZ - MARIA ISABEL EGUIA - AITOR GOTI - JESUS MARIA HERNANDEZ VAZQUEZ - XABAT OREGI - HERIBERTO PEREZ ACEBO - AMAIA SANTAMARIA LEON - NAGORE URRUTIA TEORÍA Y MÉTODOS EDUCATIVOS The university, due to its work in the generation and dissemination of knowledge, is a very relevant part of the development of the SDGs. The Civil Engineering and Fundamentals of Architecture degrees play a key role in contributing to sustainability through the development of skills aimed at proper environmental management and administration of natural resources in accordance with them. This article shows the development and application of an initiative to increase the mastery of competences related to sustainability in different subjects of their study plan. The approach includes a framework with actions carried out both in regular subjects and in end-of-degree projects. Didactic activities have been designed using different methodologies and students have been involved in their learning process, bringing them closer to the real world from an environmental and sustainable perspective. Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Project-Based Learning, competence-based approach, university. http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=11019 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 JUAN JOSE PANIAGUA MEDINA - SARAHÍ CAMARGO CARMONA - ANA DINORA GUZMAN CHAVEZ - EVERARDO VARGAS RODRÍGUEZ TECNOLOGÍA DE LAS TELECOMUNICACIONES Different factors can induce biological stress in laying hens, which affects their state of health or comfort. This consequently impacts the volumes and quality of egg production, as stressed hens may lay smaller and lighter eggs. http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=11036 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 IRVIN URIEL NOPALERA ANGELES - EVERARDO EFRÉN GRANDA GUTIÉRREZ - ROBERTO ALEJO ELEUTERIO - RENE ARNULFO GARCIA HERNANDEZ - ANGEL HERNANDEZ CASTAÑEDA INDUSTRIAS DE LA INFORMACION Y DEL CONOCIMIENTO Non-conventional manufacturing processes, such as pulsed electrochemical machining, are strategies for manufacturing metal components that optimize tool life. This is achieved by implementing non-traditional techniques based on electrolysis to remove metal in a controlled environment without generating contact between the tool and the workpiece. These characteristics allow a reduction in the resources required for the development of components with complex morphology on high-strength materials in many application fields, such as aerospace, medical, and precision tools. However, the characteristic features of non-linearity in this kind of process increase the complexity of the development of automatic control through traditional algebraic techniques in the regulation of uniform material wear. In this context, a non-traditional solution based on techniques derived from artificial intelligence bounded by fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms is presented for the tuning and automatic control of the pulsed electrochemical machining process. Furthermore, the efficiency is evaluated by analyzing the over-cutting phenomenon and the precision in developing linear polygonal machining on a micrometer scale. Keywords: Modern manufacturing, fuzzy logic, automatic control, electrolysis, genetic algorithms. http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=11044 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 MAITE JACA MADARIAGA - ENARA ZARRABEITIA BILBAO - ROSA MARIA RIO BELVER - MARIE FRANCINE MOENS CAMBIO Y DESARROLLO SOCIAL Given the current state of climate change and the fight against it, green hydrogen has the potential to be the energy vector of the future within a context of decarbonisation. In this way, fossil fuels might be replaced by green hydrogen in those sectors that are most difficult to decarbonise. Therefore, in recent years it is becoming more and more common to hear about green hydrogen in society and the great advantages of using it, although, it also has some disadvantages, mostly related to higher costs and higher energy consumption. With this in mind, the purpose of this paper is to use social media intelligence for the topical issue of green hydrogen; i.e. the objective is to gather and analyse the social perception of it. For this purpose, taking the social media platform Twitter as our source of information, we extracted 625,794 green hydrogen tweets for the years 2020, 2021 and 2022. On the one hand, a social network analysis was carried out, obtaining different metrics and identifying the main communities that have been talking about green hydrogen in the digital sphere over the last three years. On the other hand, using artificial neural networks, a sentiment classification model was applied to the tweets with the aim of detecting the emotion generated by society. Accordingly, results were obtained and interpreted through a novel methodological combination. The network analysis revealed that the conversation taking place is not polarized and is a reflection of the digital agora that brings together citizens, media actors and actors from the economic-political space. In addition, the sentiment analysis conducted shows that the overall digital discussion is positive. Keywords: Green hydrogen, social media, text mining, artificial neural networks, social network analysis, social perception, technology and social change, Twitter http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=11069 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 ENOL GARCÍA GONZÁLEZ - JOSÉ RAMÓN VILLAR FLECHA - JAVIER SEDANO FRANCO - CAMELIA CHIRA CIENCIA DE LOS ORDENADORES INDUSTRIAS DE LA INFORMACION Y DEL CONOCIMIENTO INDUSTRIAS DE LA INFORMACION Y DEL CONOCIMIENTO This article reviews the metaheuristics published in the literature, emphasizing their usefulness in solving complex optimization problems. The review highlights inspiration's relevance in the metaheuristics design, being the main classification in multiple taxonomies existing in the literature. After reviewing the state of the art, six of the most relevant metaheuristics used to solve problems of various types (engineering, logistics, economics, data science, ...) were selected. This selection of metaheuristics will be subjected to an analysis of their performance using a set of problems selected from different authors. The problems selected for this analysis include problems with a single minimum or multiple minima, different sizes in terms of dimensions, and different types of mathematical functions such as polynomial, trigonometric, or exponential. The analysis offers a discussion of which scenarios are the best for each metaheuristic, analyzing aspects such as the ability of metaheuristics to explore and escape local minima. The article concludes by summarizing which metaheuristic is best for each type of problem. Keywords: Metaheuristics, benchmark, optimization problems, biological-based metaheuristics http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=11070 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 AITOR GOTI - ELISABETE ALBERDI CELAYA - HEBER HERNÁNDEZ GUERRA INDUSTRIAS DE LA INFORMACION Y DEL CONOCIMIENTO Due to economic and physical limitations, our understanding of mineral resources in a specific area of interest is limited and fragmented. Traditionally, this problem has been solved using the Kriging geostatistical method, where the ore grade is estimated at unmeasured locations using known values of the grade at surrounding points. The advantage of this method lies in the calculation of weights through a spatial variability model known as a variogram. However, the method is imperfect, as it is based on the assumption of stationarity, aditivity, linearity and potential subjectivity in variographic modelling. This study proposes to approach the mineral resource estimation problem as a regression problem using neural networks, which are not subject to the restrictions of stationarity, aditivity, linearity and spatial modelling of geostatistics methods. Kriging and a radial basis function neural network and a multilayer perceptron have been compared using different validation metrics. The results show that a properly trained neural network model, with appropriate labelling of the mineral grade and its input characteristics, achieves similar results to the geostatistical approach, with a significant reduction in time, while avoiding all the aforementioned assumptions. However, neural networks do not consider the spatial correlation of ore grade or reproduce it at the locations where it was measured, characteristics that have marked distrust in its industrial implementation and that are discussed in this article, finally proposing an adjustment between both approaches at a minimum sacrifice of time and labor costs. Keywords Neural networks; machine learning; geostatistics. http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=11077 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 JESUS CUARTERO SALAFRANCA - DAVID RANZ ANGULO - AGATA PONIENKA NUEVOS MATERIALES Y NANOTECNOLOGIAS MECÁNICA TECNOLOGÍA E INGENIERÍA MECÁNICAS The mechanical design of a bike handlebar made of carbon fibre is presented. Usually carbon fibre handlebars are constituted by unidirectional (UD) carbon fibre prepreg. That configuration usually leads to a light design of the piece but fragile. The proposed design allows the handlebar to withstand as high efforts as a steel bar could. On the contrary the carbon handlebar presents a weight much lower. This can be achieved thanks to the selected carbon braiding. Design, manufacturing on cheap PolyLactic Acid (PLA) 3D printed moulds, FEM calculation and testing of the developed carbon fibre handlebar are shown in this paper. Keywords: handlebar, carbon fibre, numerical simulation, test, braiding http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=11103 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 GOKCE OZDEN-GURCAN - DAVID CALDERON HERRERA - FRANCISCO MATA CABRERA - JOSE TEJERO MANZANARES - ANGELES CARRASCO GARCIA TECNOLOGÍA INDUSTRIAL TECNOLOGÍA E INGENIERÍA MECÁNICAS TECNOLOGÍA E INGENIERÍA MECÁNICAS TECNOLOGÍA E INGENIERÍA MECÁNICAS TECNOLOGÍA E INGENIERÍA MECÁNICAS TECNOLOGÍA ENERGÉTICA A historical improvement process was realized through the traditional drainage methods used in the Almadén mines, such as the use of the hand winch or the winch systems that used human and animal power, until the application of the first steam engine in 1785. The steam engine solution significantly improved the mine drainage process, despite the inconveniences caused by the technological transfer of steam, the lack of technical knowledge, and inadequate materials or consumables. The solution to the problem was provided by using electricity in the following periods. Although the steam engine was used at a lower performance due to the indicated inadequacies, the drainage process was operated and production was increased in the Almadén mines. http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=11121 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 SHUFENG YANG - HANG XU - YOUHUA LI - FENG WANG - WEIJIE ZHANG TECNOLOGÍA E INGENIERÍA MECÁNICAS FÍSICA DEL ESTADO SÓLIDO Different machining methods result in diverse morphologies on the surface of gears. Under mixed lubrication, the friction and contact behavior of the real morphology interface becomes more complex. This study aims to analyze the influence of different process tooth surface micro-morphologies on the lubrication performance of the meshing area of double circular arc gears. Focusing on elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) characteristics of the double circular arc gears as the research object, the study involved measuring the three-dimensional morphology of the meshing position of the double circular arc gears. Non-Gaussian simulation technology was then used to characterize the micromorphology of the tooth surface resulting from different processes (i.e. hobbing process and skiving process). The tooth surface suction speed was determined based on the meshing characteristics of double circular arc gears. Based on the theory of point contact EHL, Reynolds equation and film thickness equation considering micromorphology were derived, and numerical solutions were obtained using the multi-grid method. A point contact EHL model for double circular arc gears was established considering the micromorphology of tooth surfaces in different processes. Results show that, the oil film pressure is positively correlated with rotational speed and torque. The oil film thickness is positively correlated with rotational speed, and negatively correlated with input torque. The negative of micro-morphology on the tooth surface on the lubrication performance could lead to an increase in pressure fluctuations and the absence of the second pressure peak. The uneven distribution of oil film and the lager roughness value could result in obvious fluctuations. The lubrication performance of the contact area in the gear hobbing process is superior to that in the gear skiving process. This study lays the foundation for further exploring the coupling characteristics between the double circular arc gear transmission system and elastic fluid dynamic lubrication. Keywords: Double circular arc gears, Point contact, Mixed EHL, Lubrication characteristics, Micro- morphology. http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=11153 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 JI ZHANG - KAI SUN TECNOLOGÍA DE MATERIALES The J shape-C shape -O shape (JCO) forming method of sheets for large-diameter longitudinally welded pipes has been widely used to manufacture oil and gas pipelines. The quality of welded pipes formed through the JCO process is directly affected by the accurate control of asymmetric bending springback and damage during the procedure. A finite element model (FEM) for JCO asymmetric bending was constructed to investigate the characteristics of asymmetric plastic bending deformation and the distribution laws of damage in JCO forming. This model was based on a nonlinear mixed hardening Lemaitre damage model coupled with the Quasi-Plastic-Elastic (QPE) model. Then, residual stress, forming shape, and damage degree of crimping, first bending, second bending, and third bending were analyzed. Moreover, the accuracy of the model was experimentally verified. Results demonstrate that, the asymmetric bending deformation process can be divided into five stages, including rigid body rotation phase, full elastic deformation phase, elastic–plastic uncladded deformation phase, elastic–plastic cladded phase, and springback phase. In the first bending, the stress centerline significantly misaligns with the mold centerline. Asymmetry is not evident in the second and third bending stages. Furthermore, the peak residual stress and peak damage can be effectively reduced by a larger punch radius, while the peak damage can be reduced by a larger die span. This study lays a foundation for optimizing the technical parameters of JCO forming. Keywords: JCO forming, asymmetric bending, finite element, QPE model, deformation characteristics http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=11169 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 MIGUEL ÁNGEL PIQUERAS GARCÍA TECNOLOGÍA ENERGÉTICA This article objectively discusses the potential of development of nuclear fusion as a profitable energy source for the society of the future. After a brief exposition treating the physical foundations on which nuclear fusion is based – that are known for a century -, attention is drawn to the formidable difficulties that have been encountered when trying its practical implementation in a controlled device, and to the different proposals for reactors which have been conceived with the aim of overcoming them and demonstrate its scientific-technical feasibility. Information is provided regarding the most relevant (public and private) projects that are currently being developed in this field, which exhibits a situation characterized by the strong irruption of private initiative in recent years, and by diversification in terms of concepts and reactor designs, without it being clear at the moment which solution will prevail in the commercial stage, or whether the path to that goal will be completed by several models that will coexist. It is estimated that, in the most optimistic case and thanks to the impetus given by private initiative, the first commercial fusion energy plants could be available in the 2040s, making it plausible that public-private collaboration mechanisms will proliferate. The enormous advantages that this resource would bring to society are pointed, taking account of its virtues as a clean, safe, almost unlimited and cheap energy. This article will be continued by another devoted to exploring the economic viability of fusion technology, assuming the high level of uncertainty associated with both the vagueness of the details in the design and operation of the plants, as well as the lack of knowledge in the energy environment, economic and social in the coming years. Keywords: energy sources, energy prospective, energy technology, controlled nuclear fusion, energy economics, decarbonization. http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=11229 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 [No Consta] THE THERMODYNAMIC PROCESS OF HEAT PUMPS THE CONCEPT OF COMFORT IN AUTOMOBILES SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON THE ELECTRIC LIGHTING OF TRAINS OTHER NEWS http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=11254 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 [No Consta] Since its creation in 1925 and the publication of its first issue in January 1926, our Journal DYNA has undergone different transformations: Until 1931 it was published by the Agrupación de Ingenieros Industriales de Bizkaia. In 1940, it was constituted as an organ of diffusion of the National Association of Industrial Engineers, In 1978 it became the current Federation of Associations of Industrial Engineers of Spain (FAIIE), in which fourteen Spanish Associations of Industrial Engineers participate. Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version) http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=11255 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 [No Consta] http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=11256 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 MIGUEL ANGEL ARTACHO RAMIREZ - ZOU XIANGYU - JOSE MANUEL ARRUFAT ALVAREZ - VICTOR ANDRES CLOQUELL BALLESTER INDUSTRIAS DE LA INFORMACION Y DEL CONOCIMIENTO This paper introduces ProPheTA (Product Phenetics-based Typology Assessment) as a new morphometric analysis software for industrial, phenetics-based product design (PP). Phenetics is used in Biology to determine similarities between species by comparing their formal external attributes. This way, PP replicates this procedure and, by doing a morphological analysis of different models from the same product family, makes it possible to relate their morphology with the user's emotional, perceptive, hedonic and buying intention response. All this requires working with CAD models, aligning, scaling, selecting them along the X, Y and Z axes, editing images, obtaining dissimilarity indexes, and correlating them with the user's response. Various CAD and morphometric computation tools not explicitly developed for these procedures are used to fulfil these tasks. File compatibility problems and excessive manual work and working time must be circumvented. ProPheTA has been developed in Matlab to solve these problems using a single platform. Its performance in a previous PP study, which related shape to buying intention, has been evaluated to demonstrate its reliability and speed. Results show a ten-time speed improvement in the computation with identical dissimilarity results. In addition, ProPheTA offers several advantages, such as ease of use, robust batch-processing capabilities, multiple output formats and improved compatibility. These functionalities, together with its ability to analyze the outline of 3D shapes without manual selection of landmark points, make it a versatile software application which is flexible, reliable and much faster. Thus, ProPheta is arguably valuable for helping speed up the application of PP in industrial design. Keywords: phenetics, product design, morphology, computer-based assessment http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=10818 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 SIVABALAN ANBUMANI - JOTHILAKSHMI PALANISAMY TECNOLOGÍA ELECTRÓNICA The following article explains how to make a basic ultra-wide bandwidth (UBW) wearable fractal antenna. The antenna is printed on denim fabric with a dielectric constant of 1.7 and a loss tangent of 0.02. The suggested antenna is 45 x 44.92 x 0.5 mm3. The antenna is fed by an inserted microstrip line with a decreased ground structure. It operates at ultrawide band frequencies of 4.36 GHz to 11.12 GHz. The antenna offers an omnidirectional radiation pattern with a gain of more than 2.4 dBi across the entire working band... It achieves a bandwidth of 6767 MHz. The proposed antenna possesses key characteristics such as a simple structure, ease of fabrication, stable omnidirectional radiation pattern, reasonable gain, and directivity, which make it suitable for applications in the C, S, and X bands. Keywords: Textile antenna, UWB, denim fabric, flexible antenna, denim substrate http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=10897 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 JUAN FRANQUELO SOLER - FRANCISCO JAVIER SOTO LARA - ELIDIA BEATRIZ BLÁZQUEZ PARRA - OSCAR DE COZAR MACIAS - MANUEL DAMIAN MARIN GRANADOS TECNOLOGÍA DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN La ventilación natural cruzada es considerada una estrategia efectiva y sostenible frente a pandemias respiratorias en espacios confinados. La entrada de aire en un aula, a través de puertas y ventanas, mejora la calidad del aire interior (Indoor Air Quality - IAQ), disminuye la transmisión de enfermedades respiratorias con una distancia social adecuada (1.5 m), siendo accesible en términos de consumo energético. En este estudio se realiza una comparación entre tipos de ventilación cruzada, a partir de la concentración de CO2, número de personas y superficies de ventilación de ventanas y puertas de un centro universitario en un clima mediterráneo. Se midieron los niveles de CO2 en dos aulas similares y anexas, con diferentes aperturas de ventanas y puertas (0%, 33% y 66%) con 2 secuencias de carga y descarga. Se analizaron dos tipos de ventilación cruzada: ventilación cruzada con ventana y puerta en la misma dirección o directa (CDIR), y ventilación cruzada en diagonal (CDIA), en un período de tiempo de 3 h. en diciembre de 2022. Los resultados muestran una interacción entre los niveles de CO2 y el tipo de ventilación. La ventilación cruzada diagonal fue más efectiva en términos de renovaciones de aire (ACH) que la directa, en rangos de apertura menores (33%), siendo la ventilación cruzada directa más efectiva globalmente y en rangos de apertura mayores (66%), en las condiciones de este estudio de caso. http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=10906 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 ALEJANDRO LOPEZ - JAIME APARICIO - BEATRIZ ACHIAGA MENOR - INGER MARTINEZ DE ARENAZA TECNOLOGÍA METALÚRGICA TECNOLOGÍA DE PRODUCTOS METÁLICOS TECNOLOGÍA INDUSTRIAL This paper performs a study of the Packing Fraction (PF) in different commercial DEM (Discrete Element Method) software. For this purpose, the influence of different geometrical and particle characteristic parameters on the PF by filling a cylindrical container are analyzed. The simulation software used are DigiDEM, DigiPac and StarCCM+. Simulations are performed to compare the simulation time and verification of results; the influence of increasing the particle diameter in the same container, the influence of increasing the particle diameter and the container in proportion, the influence of increasing the h/d ratio in cylindrical particles "pellets" and the influence of decreasing the h/d ratio in cylindrical particles "disks". http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=10929 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 MANUEL DIAZ MADROÑERO - RAUL RODRIGUEZ RODRIGUEZ - JUAN JOSE ALFARO SAIZ - JAROSLAW GORECKI ORGANIZACIÓN Y DIRECCIÓN DE EMPRESAS Product-service systems correspond to a contemporary evolution of the post-industrial market, in which the competitiveness of companies does not focus on the physical characteristics of their products but on the additional services that accompany them. In this sense, it is particularly important that the design and engineering phases of products and services are developed efficiently and in collaboration with the rest of the entities involved in these processes. This paper presents an evaluation of the design and engineering phases of product-service systems by means of a questionnaire designed for a case study corresponding to Spanish industry, made up of 30 companies. For its elaboration, a technological maturity model has been taken as a basis and adapted to include the dimensions of resources, information systems, organisation and culture. The results obtained indicate that, in general, the level of performance of these dimensions is medium or low, making strategies and possible improvement actions necessary. Keywords: product-service systems, maturity levels, design, engineering, collaboration http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=10936 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 KARMELE HERRANZ PASCUAL - LEXURI YURREBASO MACAZAGA - ANDRES SIMON MORAL - ALES PADRO HERNANDEZ - PALOMA ZORRAQUINO SALVO - ANDRES ALONSO LOPEZ INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE Despite the fact that air pollution is one of the main environmental concerns in Europe, causing more than 400,000 premature deaths each year, and affecting certain groups in particular, there are no known specific analyses of the social vulnerability of this pollutant that would allow us to guide policies to improve air quality in the different municipalities. For this reason, a first approximation of an analysis of social vulnerability to air quality has been developed to guide municipal policies in this area. The proposal proposes a zonal analysis of exposure in GIS in which the modelled information on air pollution is cross-referenced with the location of buildings housing the main vulnerable groups. The buildings have been classified according to the type of vulnerable population using them and their degree of vulnerability. The results indicate that this proposal allows a visual and simple identification of the levels of air pollution to which each sensitive building is exposed, facilitating the possible identification of those with levels higher than the current legislation or the recommendations of the WHO. Based on the exposure on the façade of the buildings, the proposal presented allows four levels of severity with respect to air pollution to be established, establishing the first steps of a prioritisation of improvement needs. This first prioritisation can be adjusted according to the type of population housed in each sensitive building and the vulnerability of the groups it houses. The proposed GIS-based social vulnerability analysis is particularly interesting when available resources are scarce, but it must be complemented by detailed analyses of the social vulnerability of the prioritised sensitive buildings before the implementation of improvement actions. Keywords: urban planning, social vulnerability, social vulnerability, air quality, GIS, modelling http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=10943 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 NATALIA ALEGRIA GUTIERREZ - CHARLES PINTO CAMARA - ANGEL LUIS SILVEIRO GARCIA ALZORRIZ - JORGE SILVEIRO - IGOR PEÑALVA BENGOA - MARÍA URRESTIZALA DE ANDRÉS TECNOLOGÍA DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN Transferring water has historically been a very viable way of making water available. However, despite its viability, nowadays it is considered to be synonymous with conflict. Due to the media coverage, the Tagus-Segura water transfer is well known, but on the Iberian Peninsula there are numerous large water diversions. In this paper the most important water transfers will be described and the cost between carrying out a water diversion and the implementation of a desalination plant will be compared by calculating the equivalent annual cost, which is the methodology used to determine the economic burdens of the River Basin Plans, in application of the Water Framework Directive. http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=10951 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 EDUARDO MARTINEZ CAMARA - JORGE LOZANO NAJERA - JUAN CARLOS SAENZ DIEZ - EMILIO JIMENEZ MACIAS - AGOSTINO BRUZZONE - JULIO BLANCO FERNANDEZ TECNOLOGÍA INDUSTRIAL The application of SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Die) gives rise to more than just reduced machinery changeover times. Correct application of SMED also reduces other types of losses which occur in the workplace and which all companies consider highly significant because of the industrial and social context in which they operate. The proposed methodology integrates prior analysis of both machinery and process, analysis and structuring of tasks, the expertise of personnel involved in applying SMED, tools that support SMED, KPI/KAI (Key Performance Indicator/Key Activities Indicator) analysis systems and standardisation. This will enable reductions in other workplace losses, such as occupational accidents and process defects that can lead to poor-quality products, as well as continuous monitoring of the machinery to reduce the number of breakdowns, etc. This article shows that the application of SMED brings discipline, task analysis, and a better understanding of machinery and worker expertise, at the same time helping to improve behaviours - indispensable aspects when seeking improvements. Usage of the performance indicators set out has been the key to demonstrating that if workplace accidents and manufacturing costs are decreased, the quality of the manufactured product is increased. Keywords: SMED; Zero losses; 5 Whys, Breakdown Analysis; Twelve Steps http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=10967 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 ELISABETE ALBERDI CELAYA - IRANTZU ALVAREZ GONZALEZ - MARIA ISABEL EGUIA - AITOR GOTI - JESUS MARIA HERNANDEZ VAZQUEZ - XABAT OREGI - HERIBERTO PEREZ ACEBO - AMAIA SANTAMARIA LEON - NAGORE URRUTIA TEORÍA Y MÉTODOS EDUCATIVOS The university, due to its work in the generation and dissemination of knowledge, is a very relevant part of the development of the SDGs. The Civil Engineering and Fundamentals of Architecture degrees play a key role in contributing to sustainability through the development of skills aimed at proper environmental management and administration of natural resources in accordance with them. This article shows the development and application of an initiative to increase the mastery of competences related to sustainability in different subjects of their study plan. The approach includes a framework with actions carried out both in regular subjects and in end-of-degree projects. Didactic activities have been designed using different methodologies and students have been involved in their learning process, bringing them closer to the real world from an environmental and sustainable perspective. Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Project-Based Learning, competence-based approach, university. http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=11019 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 JUAN JOSE PANIAGUA MEDINA - SARAHÍ CAMARGO CARMONA - ANA DINORA GUZMAN CHAVEZ - EVERARDO VARGAS RODRÍGUEZ TECNOLOGÍA DE LAS TELECOMUNICACIONES Different factors can induce biological stress in laying hens, which affects their state of health or comfort. This consequently impacts the volumes and quality of egg production, as stressed hens may lay smaller and lighter eggs. http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=11036 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 IRVIN URIEL NOPALERA ANGELES - EVERARDO EFRÉN GRANDA GUTIÉRREZ - ROBERTO ALEJO ELEUTERIO - RENE ARNULFO GARCIA HERNANDEZ - ANGEL HERNANDEZ CASTAÑEDA INDUSTRIAS DE LA INFORMACION Y DEL CONOCIMIENTO Non-conventional manufacturing processes, such as pulsed electrochemical machining, are strategies for manufacturing metal components that optimize tool life. This is achieved by implementing non-traditional techniques based on electrolysis to remove metal in a controlled environment without generating contact between the tool and the workpiece. These characteristics allow a reduction in the resources required for the development of components with complex morphology on high-strength materials in many application fields, such as aerospace, medical, and precision tools. However, the characteristic features of non-linearity in this kind of process increase the complexity of the development of automatic control through traditional algebraic techniques in the regulation of uniform material wear. In this context, a non-traditional solution based on techniques derived from artificial intelligence bounded by fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms is presented for the tuning and automatic control of the pulsed electrochemical machining process. Furthermore, the efficiency is evaluated by analyzing the over-cutting phenomenon and the precision in developing linear polygonal machining on a micrometer scale. Keywords: Modern manufacturing, fuzzy logic, automatic control, electrolysis, genetic algorithms. http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=11044 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 MAITE JACA MADARIAGA - ENARA ZARRABEITIA BILBAO - ROSA MARIA RIO BELVER - MARIE FRANCINE MOENS CAMBIO Y DESARROLLO SOCIAL Given the current state of climate change and the fight against it, green hydrogen has the potential to be the energy vector of the future within a context of decarbonisation. In this way, fossil fuels might be replaced by green hydrogen in those sectors that are most difficult to decarbonise. Therefore, in recent years it is becoming more and more common to hear about green hydrogen in society and the great advantages of using it, although, it also has some disadvantages, mostly related to higher costs and higher energy consumption. With this in mind, the purpose of this paper is to use social media intelligence for the topical issue of green hydrogen; i.e. the objective is to gather and analyse the social perception of it. For this purpose, taking the social media platform Twitter as our source of information, we extracted 625,794 green hydrogen tweets for the years 2020, 2021 and 2022. On the one hand, a social network analysis was carried out, obtaining different metrics and identifying the main communities that have been talking about green hydrogen in the digital sphere over the last three years. On the other hand, using artificial neural networks, a sentiment classification model was applied to the tweets with the aim of detecting the emotion generated by society. Accordingly, results were obtained and interpreted through a novel methodological combination. The network analysis revealed that the conversation taking place is not polarized and is a reflection of the digital agora that brings together citizens, media actors and actors from the economic-political space. In addition, the sentiment analysis conducted shows that the overall digital discussion is positive. Keywords: Green hydrogen, social media, text mining, artificial neural networks, social network analysis, social perception, technology and social change, Twitter http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=11069 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 ENOL GARCÍA GONZÁLEZ - JOSÉ RAMÓN VILLAR FLECHA - JAVIER SEDANO FRANCO - CAMELIA CHIRA CIENCIA DE LOS ORDENADORES INDUSTRIAS DE LA INFORMACION Y DEL CONOCIMIENTO INDUSTRIAS DE LA INFORMACION Y DEL CONOCIMIENTO This article reviews the metaheuristics published in the literature, emphasizing their usefulness in solving complex optimization problems. The review highlights inspiration's relevance in the metaheuristics design, being the main classification in multiple taxonomies existing in the literature. After reviewing the state of the art, six of the most relevant metaheuristics used to solve problems of various types (engineering, logistics, economics, data science, ...) were selected. This selection of metaheuristics will be subjected to an analysis of their performance using a set of problems selected from different authors. The problems selected for this analysis include problems with a single minimum or multiple minima, different sizes in terms of dimensions, and different types of mathematical functions such as polynomial, trigonometric, or exponential. The analysis offers a discussion of which scenarios are the best for each metaheuristic, analyzing aspects such as the ability of metaheuristics to explore and escape local minima. The article concludes by summarizing which metaheuristic is best for each type of problem. Keywords: Metaheuristics, benchmark, optimization problems, biological-based metaheuristics http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=11070 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 AITOR GOTI - ELISABETE ALBERDI CELAYA - HEBER HERNÁNDEZ GUERRA INDUSTRIAS DE LA INFORMACION Y DEL CONOCIMIENTO Due to economic and physical limitations, our understanding of mineral resources in a specific area of interest is limited and fragmented. Traditionally, this problem has been solved using the Kriging geostatistical method, where the ore grade is estimated at unmeasured locations using known values of the grade at surrounding points. The advantage of this method lies in the calculation of weights through a spatial variability model known as a variogram. However, the method is imperfect, as it is based on the assumption of stationarity, aditivity, linearity and potential subjectivity in variographic modelling. This study proposes to approach the mineral resource estimation problem as a regression problem using neural networks, which are not subject to the restrictions of stationarity, aditivity, linearity and spatial modelling of geostatistics methods. Kriging and a radial basis function neural network and a multilayer perceptron have been compared using different validation metrics. The results show that a properly trained neural network model, with appropriate labelling of the mineral grade and its input characteristics, achieves similar results to the geostatistical approach, with a significant reduction in time, while avoiding all the aforementioned assumptions. However, neural networks do not consider the spatial correlation of ore grade or reproduce it at the locations where it was measured, characteristics that have marked distrust in its industrial implementation and that are discussed in this article, finally proposing an adjustment between both approaches at a minimum sacrifice of time and labor costs. Keywords Neural networks; machine learning; geostatistics. http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=11077 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 JESUS CUARTERO SALAFRANCA - DAVID RANZ ANGULO - AGATA PONIENKA NUEVOS MATERIALES Y NANOTECNOLOGIAS MECÁNICA TECNOLOGÍA E INGENIERÍA MECÁNICAS The mechanical design of a bike handlebar made of carbon fibre is presented. Usually carbon fibre handlebars are constituted by unidirectional (UD) carbon fibre prepreg. That configuration usually leads to a light design of the piece but fragile. The proposed design allows the handlebar to withstand as high efforts as a steel bar could. On the contrary the carbon handlebar presents a weight much lower. This can be achieved thanks to the selected carbon braiding. Design, manufacturing on cheap PolyLactic Acid (PLA) 3D printed moulds, FEM calculation and testing of the developed carbon fibre handlebar are shown in this paper. Keywords: handlebar, carbon fibre, numerical simulation, test, braiding http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=11103 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 GOKCE OZDEN-GURCAN - DAVID CALDERON HERRERA - FRANCISCO MATA CABRERA - JOSE TEJERO MANZANARES - ANGELES CARRASCO GARCIA TECNOLOGÍA INDUSTRIAL TECNOLOGÍA E INGENIERÍA MECÁNICAS TECNOLOGÍA E INGENIERÍA MECÁNICAS TECNOLOGÍA E INGENIERÍA MECÁNICAS TECNOLOGÍA E INGENIERÍA MECÁNICAS TECNOLOGÍA ENERGÉTICA A historical improvement process was realized through the traditional drainage methods used in the Almadén mines, such as the use of the hand winch or the winch systems that used human and animal power, until the application of the first steam engine in 1785. The steam engine solution significantly improved the mine drainage process, despite the inconveniences caused by the technological transfer of steam, the lack of technical knowledge, and inadequate materials or consumables. The solution to the problem was provided by using electricity in the following periods. Although the steam engine was used at a lower performance due to the indicated inadequacies, the drainage process was operated and production was increased in the Almadén mines. http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=11121 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 SHUFENG YANG - HANG XU - YOUHUA LI - FENG WANG - WEIJIE ZHANG TECNOLOGÍA E INGENIERÍA MECÁNICAS FÍSICA DEL ESTADO SÓLIDO Different machining methods result in diverse morphologies on the surface of gears. Under mixed lubrication, the friction and contact behavior of the real morphology interface becomes more complex. This study aims to analyze the influence of different process tooth surface micro-morphologies on the lubrication performance of the meshing area of double circular arc gears. Focusing on elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) characteristics of the double circular arc gears as the research object, the study involved measuring the three-dimensional morphology of the meshing position of the double circular arc gears. Non-Gaussian simulation technology was then used to characterize the micromorphology of the tooth surface resulting from different processes (i.e. hobbing process and skiving process). The tooth surface suction speed was determined based on the meshing characteristics of double circular arc gears. Based on the theory of point contact EHL, Reynolds equation and film thickness equation considering micromorphology were derived, and numerical solutions were obtained using the multi-grid method. A point contact EHL model for double circular arc gears was established considering the micromorphology of tooth surfaces in different processes. Results show that, the oil film pressure is positively correlated with rotational speed and torque. The oil film thickness is positively correlated with rotational speed, and negatively correlated with input torque. The negative of micro-morphology on the tooth surface on the lubrication performance could lead to an increase in pressure fluctuations and the absence of the second pressure peak. The uneven distribution of oil film and the lager roughness value could result in obvious fluctuations. The lubrication performance of the contact area in the gear hobbing process is superior to that in the gear skiving process. This study lays the foundation for further exploring the coupling characteristics between the double circular arc gear transmission system and elastic fluid dynamic lubrication. Keywords: Double circular arc gears, Point contact, Mixed EHL, Lubrication characteristics, Micro- morphology. http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=11153 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 JI ZHANG - KAI SUN TECNOLOGÍA DE MATERIALES The J shape-C shape -O shape (JCO) forming method of sheets for large-diameter longitudinally welded pipes has been widely used to manufacture oil and gas pipelines. The quality of welded pipes formed through the JCO process is directly affected by the accurate control of asymmetric bending springback and damage during the procedure. A finite element model (FEM) for JCO asymmetric bending was constructed to investigate the characteristics of asymmetric plastic bending deformation and the distribution laws of damage in JCO forming. This model was based on a nonlinear mixed hardening Lemaitre damage model coupled with the Quasi-Plastic-Elastic (QPE) model. Then, residual stress, forming shape, and damage degree of crimping, first bending, second bending, and third bending were analyzed. Moreover, the accuracy of the model was experimentally verified. Results demonstrate that, the asymmetric bending deformation process can be divided into five stages, including rigid body rotation phase, full elastic deformation phase, elastic–plastic uncladded deformation phase, elastic–plastic cladded phase, and springback phase. In the first bending, the stress centerline significantly misaligns with the mold centerline. Asymmetry is not evident in the second and third bending stages. Furthermore, the peak residual stress and peak damage can be effectively reduced by a larger punch radius, while the peak damage can be reduced by a larger die span. This study lays a foundation for optimizing the technical parameters of JCO forming. Keywords: JCO forming, asymmetric bending, finite element, QPE model, deformation characteristics http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=11169 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 MIGUEL ÁNGEL PIQUERAS GARCÍA TECNOLOGÍA ENERGÉTICA This article objectively discusses the potential of development of nuclear fusion as a profitable energy source for the society of the future. After a brief exposition treating the physical foundations on which nuclear fusion is based – that are known for a century -, attention is drawn to the formidable difficulties that have been encountered when trying its practical implementation in a controlled device, and to the different proposals for reactors which have been conceived with the aim of overcoming them and demonstrate its scientific-technical feasibility. Information is provided regarding the most relevant (public and private) projects that are currently being developed in this field, which exhibits a situation characterized by the strong irruption of private initiative in recent years, and by diversification in terms of concepts and reactor designs, without it being clear at the moment which solution will prevail in the commercial stage, or whether the path to that goal will be completed by several models that will coexist. It is estimated that, in the most optimistic case and thanks to the impetus given by private initiative, the first commercial fusion energy plants could be available in the 2040s, making it plausible that public-private collaboration mechanisms will proliferate. The enormous advantages that this resource would bring to society are pointed, taking account of its virtues as a clean, safe, almost unlimited and cheap energy. This article will be continued by another devoted to exploring the economic viability of fusion technology, assuming the high level of uncertainty associated with both the vagueness of the details in the design and operation of the plants, as well as the lack of knowledge in the energy environment, economic and social in the coming years. Keywords: energy sources, energy prospective, energy technology, controlled nuclear fusion, energy economics, decarbonization. http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=11229 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 [No Consta] THE THERMODYNAMIC PROCESS OF HEAT PUMPS THE CONCEPT OF COMFORT IN AUTOMOBILES SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON THE ELECTRIC LIGHTING OF TRAINS OTHER NEWS http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=11254 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 [No Consta] Since its creation in 1925 and the publication of its first issue in January 1926, our Journal DYNA has undergone different transformations: Until 1931 it was published by the Agrupación de Ingenieros Industriales de Bizkaia. In 1940, it was constituted as an organ of diffusion of the National Association of Industrial Engineers, In 1978 it became the current Federation of Associations of Industrial Engineers of Spain (FAIIE), in which fourteen Spanish Associations of Industrial Engineers participate. Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version) http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=11255 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 [No Consta] http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=11256 5/1/2024 2024-05-01T00:00:00 JORGE SALVADOR CARLOS - BENJAMIN VALDEZ SALAS - ERNESTO ALONSO BELTRAN PARTIDA - MARIO CURIEL ALVAREZ - NELSON CHENG - ERNESTO VALDEZ SALAS ESTADÍSTICA The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) introduced the need for the development and optimization of new alcohol-water based disinfectant formulations. Moreover, the limited supply chain of traditional active ingredients such as ethanol (EtOH) has excessively increased the base formula cost, thus, novel platforms are needed to design new strategies for disinfectant development. In this work, we devise a novel quantification method of disinfectant turbidity and foam thickness based on photographic image analysis of disinfectant to optimize formula preparation, which improves critical physicochemical parameters related to colloidal stability. Next, the numerical data obtained from the pixel photograph's values were ordered by applying a 24 factorial design, considering each disinfectant ingredient, followed by an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and counter with contour and surface plots, respectively. Furthermore, our novel method was validated using a linear regression test, consequently outlining the method's error value. Our results suggest that the photographic image analysis supported by the statistical model correlated satisfactorily with the real physicochemical behavior of disinfectant, showing that the EtOH-H2O system plays a crucial role in turbidity and foam height control. In addition, we predicted by Minitab Optimizer Tool the physicochemical and aesthetic conditions of the disinfectant, having an error of 5%. Our current approach opens up a novel path to incorporate novel active ingredients for a rapid formulation and potentially scalable method to fabricate disinfectants. Keywords: image analysis, factorial design, disinfectant, foaming, active ingredients, optimization http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=10666 3/1/2024 2024-03-01T00:00:00 OCTAVIO CATARINO AGUILAR - EVERARDO GRANDA GUTIERREZ - JOSE ARTURO PEREZ MARTINEZ - JOSE LUIS TAPIA FABELA - ALLAN ANTONIO FLORES FUENTES - JUAN FERNANDO GARCIA MEJIA CIENCIA DE LOS ORDENADORES This paper presents an experimental investigation on the reduction of overcutting in the bipolar pulsed electrochemical pulsed machining process. It is described how this unconventional manufacturing method, which involves the anodic dissolution of a metal part immersed in an electrolytic medium, can be improved by incorporating compressed air as a residue-cleaning medium and modifying the electrolyte flow rate to reduce overcutting. These results can be helpful for the inclusion of these variables in process control systems and generate significant improvements in the fabrication of components at micrometer scales. Keywords: micromachining, electrochemical machining, overcut, electrolyte, automatic processes. http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=10766 3/1/2024 2024-03-01T00:00:00 LUIS MOLINA FERNANDEZ - DANIEL ARIAS ARANDA - OSCAR BUSTINZA SANCHEZ ORGANIZACIÓN Y DIRECCIÓN DE EMPRESAS There is some controversy about which are the theoretical bases that allow companies to improve performance when implementing Industry 4.0 production improvement programs. In this paper we compare, using the resource-based view of the firm, the technology-enabled capabilities theory and the knowledge-based view of the company as theoretical frameworks, how the implementation of Industry 4.0 and Japanese philosophy centered improvement programs (TQM, Lean Manufacturing) affect the sources, transfer, and integration of knowledge. Using this theoretical framework, we conclude that both improvement programs have very different strategies in terms of how to manage knowledge, and that, to a large degree, they are complementary. We conclude that they have very different bases of competitive advantage and that there is great potential in their joint implementation for the improvement of production processes. Keyword: Industry 4.0.; Knowledge capabilities; TQM; Lean Manufacturing; Competitive Advantage http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=10781 3/1/2024 2024-03-01T00:00:00 JULIETA TISCAREÑO FELIX - JOSE ANTONIO ALBAJEZ GARCIA - JORGE SANTOLARIA MAZO UNIDADES Y CONSTANTES The challenges arising from mass production with high quality level require advanced error measurement systems and optical metrology systems. Nowadays, it is more frequent to find this type of controls at the manufacturing industry into the quality control procedures as long as the need for a faster capture speed and precision has increased. However, these techniques can be improved. The accuracy of 3D measurement systems formed by a camera-projector pair depends directly on the calibration procedure used. The projector is usually modelled as the inverse projection of a pin-hole camera, which presents the option to calibrate the system by two different approaches: as a whole system or separately. The most common approach is the use of a camera previously calibrated, followed by the calibration of the projector. Studies show that the uncertainty of the camera parameters from its calibration propagates to the projector parameters and several authors conclude that the three most widespread are: Tsai, Zhang and Direct Linear Calibration. The objective of this study is to have a clear comprehension of the relationships between the camera and projector parameters and of how uncertainty is propagated to the measurement system error. Therefore, the three calibration methods previously mentioned and some of them possible combinations are analyzed. http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=10796 3/1/2024 2024-03-01T00:00:00 IRVING NÉSTOR SIERRA SÁNCHEZ - FLORENCIO SANCHEZ SILVA - IGNACIO CARVAJAL MARISCAL - MONICA TOLEDO GARCIA MECÁNICA In this work the experimental results of the dynamics of the two-phase oil-water flow patterns and the pressure gradients due to friction that they produce when conducting them in a vertical ascending pipe are shown. For the study, an experimental facility and two types of injection nozzles were built, constructed and characterized. The selected fluids were oil (viscosity 90 cP, density 885 kg/m3 with 28.3 API) and water. The measurements were made in a range of superficial speeds from 0 to 0.257 m/s for oil and from 0 to 0.684 for water. The experimentation was carried out using the two nozzles and in accordance with a test matrix that has as parameters the superficial speed of the oil (USO) and the superficial speed of the water (USW) for which a fixed value of the USW was taken and it varied the USO, although it was also worked in reverse. From the experimental results, the effect of the nozzles to induce the group of flow patterns and their respective pressure gradient is shown, which reaches its lowest value when conducting the oil in the annular flow scheme. The numerical results showed that there is a notable energy saving, since the pressure loss due to friction is up to 5 times lower when conducting the same amount of oil in the annular flow pattern. Key Words: Experimental installation, oil-water mixture, injection nozzle, flow patterns, annular flow, pressure gradient. http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=10839 3/1/2024 2024-03-01T00:00:00 LUIS CARLOS REVELES GÓMEZ - HUIZILOPOZTLI LUNA GARCIA - JOSE CELAYA PADILLA - ROSA MARIA GARCIA HERNANDEZ CIENCIA DE LOS ORDENADORES In recent years, the study of Artificial Intelligence in the automotive industry has led to the design of intelligent systems applied to road safety, highlighting the importance of improving road safety worldwide, and thus reducing the number of accidents annually. One of the main functions of these systems is, for example, pedestrian detection, which is performed by cameras and radar-type sensors, among others. However, environmental factors cause visibility problems and obstructions that make pedestrian detection difficult and lead to collisions. With the purpose of contributing to the solution of the exposed problem, two case studies using Convolutional Neural Networks are applied in this research. The first using a pre-trained model (Inception V3) and the second, a proposed model (RvlsNet) to detect dirt on the lens of a vehicle's reverse camera. These types of factors directly affect visibility, which leads to an increased risk of collision when reversing the vehicle. Applying a general data mining methodology, we obtained a result of 0.9549 and 0.9416 accuracy, respectively, for the models used. Keywords: Convolutional Neural Networks, Classification, Obstruction, Detection, Reversing camera, Inception V3 http://www.revistadyna.com/Articulos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=26e5f45a-7fdd-456b-8088-fad6a8390778&Cod=10865 3/1/2024 2024-03-01T00:00:00 6/24/2024 10:44:13 PM /Contenidos/Ficha.aspx?IdMenu=79324896-5cc5-4137-ac96-90bbf6f0b0f2 6/24/2024 10:44:13 PM http://www.revistadyna.com http://www.revistadyna.com/recursos/img/rsshome.jpg en